![]() Six participants with chronic, motor and sensory complete SCI underwent a brain motor control assessment (BMCA) consisting of a set of structured motor tasks with and without eSCS. We conclude that eSCS restores muscle movements and muscle synergies that are distinct from those of healthy, able-bodied controls.Ībstract = "Multiple studies have corroborated the restoration of volitional motor control after motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) through the use of epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS), but rigorous quantitative descriptions of muscle coordination have been lacking. ![]() Lastly, we found that the muscle synergies were restored with eSCS, supporting the neural hypothesis of muscle synergies. We also found that over the follow-up sessions, the muscle synergy structure of the SCI participants became more defined, and the number of synergies decreased over time, indicating improved coordination between muscle groups. We found that the complexity of muscle activity was immediately reduced by eSCS in the SCI participants. Muscle activity complexity was computed with Higuchi Fractal Dimensional (HFD) analysis, and muscle synergies were estimated using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) in six participants with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Score (AIS) A. The ability to restore motor control with eSCS in participants with motor and sensory complete SCI allows us to test whether changes in muscle synergies reflect a neural basis in the same task. Competition exists between the task origin and neural origin hypotheses underlying muscle synergies. We also recorded data from nine healthy participants as controls. We performed this analysis to better characterize the impact of stimulation on neuromuscular control. We investigated how muscle activity complexity and muscle synergies changed with and without stimulation. Multiple studies have corroborated the restoration of volitional motor control after motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) through the use of epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS), but rigorous quantitative descriptions of muscle coordination have been lacking. ![]()
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